Non-invasive prenatal testing uses cell free DNA collected from the expectant mothers blood. This test is recommended for patient at high risk for aneuploidy. Detection rate is 99% for Downsyndrome. This test is costly. Also because it detects gender it is legally banned in many parts of India.

A simple diagnostic test in which a sample of chorionic villi is removed from the developing placenta. This test can reveal if growing foetus has evidence of aneuploidy.

A minimal invasive screening test performed as early as 11 weeks of pregnancy in which a hormonal assessment is performed in combination with an ultrasound designed to look at clear space in tissue at the back of the baby’s growing neck called nuchal translucency. In certain cases fluid may collect in this spaces making it appear larger on USG or the laboratory test may demonstrate abnormal value suggesting an increase risk for aneuploidy cardiac defect, or other genetic syndrome.

A screening test performed between 15 & 20 weeks of pregnancy that measure the levels of alpha – fetoprotein HCG estriol and inhibrim A in mothers blood. Abnormal values are associated with chromosomal abnormalities and other complication such as neural tube defects

It is generally performed after 15 weeks of pregnancy by inserting a small needle through the mother’s abdomen into aminiotic Soc. A small amount of fluid is collected. Analysis of this fluid contains actual cell of baby and can offer information regarding potential chromosomal abnormality, birth defects and gender.

Non invasive screening procedure completed before 20 weeks of pregnancy. It gives information regarding size, weight, growth and possible birth defects or other abnormality that might complicate the pregnancy.

Any expectant mother who wishes to take screening test.
– High risk cases

• Age above 35 years
• Family history of genetic disorder
• Partner is known carrier of genetic condition
• Prior child genetic abnormality or birth defect.

During pregnancy, some of the hormones produced by the body can make the muscles of the stomach and intestine relax. Relaxation of the stomach muscles will slow down the rate at which your stomach empties itself and can cause a sense of fullness and indigestion. A slowing down of your intestinal movements can result in constipation. In later stages of pregnancy, the pressure of the enlarged uterus on your stomach can also cause indigestion, heartburn and nausea.

• You may experience a feeling of fullness and bloating, loss of appetite and regurgitation.
• You should avoid foods that cause trouble, e.g. spicy and oily foods.
• Try eating smaller and more frequent meals.
• Sit up straight when eating so that there is less pressure on your stomach.

Heartburn is more than just indigestion. It is a strong burning pain in the chest due to reflux of acid from the stomach into the food pipe. To avoid heartburn:

• • Avoid eating or drinking for a few hours before bed time. An after-dinner walk may help.
  • Sleep well propped up raising the head of your bed or having plenty of pillows.

Keep a glass of milk handy. Drink a glass of milk in case you wake-up with a heartburn at night.

Nausea is common in early pregnancy, and is probably related to hormonal changes. Some tips: If you feel sick as you get up in the morning, get up slowly. Try eating some dry toast or biscuit before getting up.

• Avoid foods that make you feel worse.
• Eat small amounts often rather than large meals.
• Drink plenty of fluids.
• Distract yourself; try not to think too much about your nausea.
• Wear comfortable clothes.
• Rest and sleep whenever you can.

If you are having difficulty passing stools, the following steps can help

• Include plenty of fibre in your diet by eating wholemeal breads, wholegrain cereal, fruit, vegetables, beans and dal.
• Keep up your muscle tone with regular exercise.
• Drink plenty of water
• If you are taking an iron medication that is contributing to your constipation, talk to your doctor about changing the medication.